Gulzar’s Poetic Reflections & Tolstoy’s Philosophical Insights on Life and Death

Photo: Sesha Reddigari, 2023
Photo: Sesha Reddigari, 2023

A beautiful little nazm, Paakeeza, by Padmabhusan Gulzar, who needs no introduction (listen to it here, in his own wonderful sonorous voice).

मिटा दो सारे निशां के थे तुम
हिलो तो जुंबिश न हो कही पर
उठो तो ऐसे के कोई पत्ता हिले न जागे
लिबास का एक एक तागा उतारकर यूं उठो के आहट से छू न जाओ
अभी यहीं थे
अभी नहीं हो
खयाल रखना की जिंदगी की कोई भी सिलवट
न मौत के पाक साफ चेहरे के साथ जाए


The Pure
Erase all evidence that you were
Agitate nothing as you move
When you rise, not even a single leaf is disturbed
Make no sound as each thread of your coverings is removed
You were just here
You aren’t anymore
Remember that not a single fold of this life’s fabric
Touches the pure countenance of Death.

(My humble apologies to Gulzar Sahib for any unintentional mistakes in translation).

In this update to the above post, I would like to point out an interesting similarity that I noticed between that poem and Leo Tolstoy’s novella, The Death of Ivan Ilych. The main plot of this book is as follows: Ilych is a well-to-do, middle-aged man leading a good life with a nice house, a wife, and two children. One day, while tending to a household chore, he falls down and hurts himself . Unfortunately, he gets sick from complications of the fall, and eventually dies after a long sickness. As I said, the story is not very interesting. But the real merit of the book lies in the in the way Tolstoy depicts the evolution of his thinking and how he spiritually transforms himself as his health deteriorates. During the ordeal, he succeeds in distinguishing a selfish and materialistic life, which he knew he had led, from a simple, unassuming, and forgiving way of life, the kind led by his servant boy. The day-to-day change in his thought process and the final enlightenment are very revealing and instructional.

Halfway through the book, there is this paragraph, where Ilych is telling himself:
Yes, life was there and now it is going, going and I cannot stop it. Yes. Why deceive myself? Isn’t it obvious to everyone but me that I’m dying, and that it’s only a question of weeks, days . . . it may happen this moment. There was light and now there is darkness. I was here and now I’m going there! Where?

I thought the highlighted words in that paragraph have a striking resemblance to Gulzar’s ‘Pakeeza’.

अभी यहीं थे, अभी नहीं हो ( translation: “You were just here, You aren’t anymore”)
I was here and now I am going there

Plus, the first sher of a nazm by Mirza Ghalib (shown below) also has a similar concept…

न था कुछ तो ख़ुदा था कुछ न होता तो ख़ुदा होता
डुबोया मुझ को होने ने न होता मैं तो क्या होता


I won’t go any deeper than that in this blog…but I highly recommend that book and Gulzar’s other poems which are to die for (pun intended).

(Blog updated 29 May 2024)

My favorite poems 2

Crown hill cemetery, Indianapolis, Indiana. Photo by Sesha Reddigari. 2022.

As I was rummaging through my Adobe Lightroom files, I came across this photo; We were on a photo walk that day for a class…the day was sunny and beautiful, and the setting so peaceful! There was this stillness or “sannata” all over, it reminded me of an old song from a 1966 movie with the same name. The song has such beautiful lyrics that only Gulzar is wont to manage!

बस एक चुप सी लगी है
नहीं उदास नहीं
कहीं पे सांस रुकी है
नहीं उदास नहीं
बस एक चुप सी लगी है

कोई अनोखी नहीं
ऐसी ज़िन्दगी लेकिन
खुब न हो
मिली जो खूब मिली है
नहीं उदास नहीं
बस एक चुप सी लगी है

सहर भी ये रात भी
दोपहर भी मिली लेकिन
हमीं ने शाम चुनी
नहीं उदास नहीं
बस एक चुप सी लगी है

वो दास्ताँ जो
हमने कही भी
हमने लिखी
आज वो खुद से सुनी है
नहीं उदास नहीं
बस एक चुप सी लगी है

सीधा साफ़ रस्ता

Drawing inspired by Gulzar’s nazm…अकेले

Digital watercolor, Sesha Reddigari, 4/2022.

Nazm:

किस क़दर सीधा, सहल, साफ़ है रस्ता देखो
न किसी शाख़ का साया है, न दीवार की टेक
न किसी आँख की आहट, न किसी चेहरे का शोर
दूर तक कोई नहीं, कोई नहीं, कोई नहीं
चंद क़दमों के निशाँ हाँ कभी मिलते हैं कहीं
साथ चलते हैं जो कुछ दूर फ़क़त चंद क़दम
और फिर टूट के गिर जाते हैं ये कहते हुए
अपनी तन्हाई लिए आप चलो, तन्हा अकेले
साथ आए जो यहाँ कोई नहीं, कोई नहीं
किस क़दर सीधा, सहल, साफ़ है रस्ता देखो


——-Gulzar.

Meena Kumari Naaz…

Sketch: SReddigari 2020

I was listening to an old Kishore Kumar and Meena Kumari duet the other day and it suddenly occurred to me that it’s been almost 48 years since she passed away! Almost half a century has gone by just like that, which is incredible to those of us still ticking and remember her days…

Meena Kumari (Mahjabeen Bano) was born in 1933. Actress par excellence. Died at the young age of 39! From what is known of her life, she endured several lifetimes worth of pain and suffering, as cognoscenti of Hindi cinema already know. Others only have to watch the wonderful documentary, Viraasat, to understand her unbelievably poignant childhood, rise to stardom, troubled married life, descent into the bottle, and the untimely tragic end, all encapsulated in a tragedy of Shakespearean proportions. Vinod Mehta’s Meena Kumari, Classic Biography, published in 2013, is a good resource about her life for those interested. That even to date she remains unmatched as the queen of tragedy is a testament to her acting prowess in classics such as Pakeezah, Bheegi Raat, Dil Ek Mandir, Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam, Kaajal, etc., which are still eminently watchable after all these decades!

There were, however, a couple of tidbits about her life of which I was not aware until recently…First, I had no  idea that she was the great granddaughter of one of Rabindranath Tagore’s brothers! From what I heard, that whole saga of her grandmother leaving her ancestral home, converting to Christianity, and her mother’s move to Bombay and marrying Ali Bux, etc., is fit to be a whole Sarat novel by itself!

Secondly, what was also news to me was that she was a renowned shayar and that her nom-de-plume was Naaz! There is a book of her poems that has been mentioned, “तन्हा चाँद”, published by Gulzar, but this was a hard one to find (I am still searching for a copy)! Then there is “Meena Kumari, the Poet: A Life Beyond Cinema” by Noorul Hassan (available on Amazon). She even made an album called “I Write I Recite“, available on YouTube. Her voice is really very sweet! No wonder Ameen Sayani once called it ‘शहद में डूबी हुवी आवाज़!’

Here is one of her ghazals chaand tanha, recorded in her own voice. So full of bitter-sweet melancholy, it sums up her entire life…

Be that as it may, what I want to do here is try to remember some of her happy songs to commemorate her! Phenomenal as her other movies are, I would like to focus on some happy movie moments! I hope all the embedded videos work…

The very first happy song that comes to my mind is the one from Rukhsana (1955)…a wonderful melody with Kishore…yeh char din bahar ke…I really wish her own life had gone along the same lines as the song…
(there was no action clip of this song available on YouTube …)


This next one humsafar mere humsafar with Dharmendra is from the movie Purnima (1965), beautifully sung by Lata and Mukesh…she looks so lovely!

Here is one with Jubilee Kumar…raste mein do anjaane from the film Akeli Mat Jayyo (1963)…by the way, there are a few more really fun songs in this movie…

In this gem from Kohinoor (1960), you can see her doing a lively number…


Here is a very youthful Meena Kumari in Azad (1955)…


Another Azad song I just can’t leave out – kitna hasiin hai mausam, kitnaa hasiin safar hai – a melodious duet with an equally young Dilip Kumar…this movie has another to die for song, Tum pe marte hain. Do check it out…


And we really can’t forget the movie Yahudi (1958) with Dilip Kumar! This is a great song and Meena Kumari looks really beautiful…

Yahudi has a few more wonderful songs, for eg., aate jaate pehloo mein aaya koi and the famous Mukesh single, yeh mera diwaana pan hai

And who can forget ajeeb daastan hai yeh from Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai…?



I fully agree with Pradeep Kumar’s sentiment in this next song ab kya misaal doon, from Aarti (1962)…this song also happens to be one of Rafi’s best…


And the unforgettable nazm ‘naghma o sher ki saugat kise pesh karun‘ from Ghazal (1964)! Not only does she look angelic in this, the whole song is worth memorizing just for the beauty of Sahir Ludhianwi’s words, especially the line -“मस्त ज़ुल्फ़ों की सियाह रात किसे पेश करूं… ” just blows me away!

Lastly, but not least, I have to mention Bheegi Raat and the song “dil jo na keh saka...” She was probably her most voluptuous in this song…and the lyrics by Majrooh are so priceless that they just leave me speechless!

दिल जो न कह सका
वही राज़-ए-दिल कहने की रात आई
दिल जो न कह सका
वही राज़-ए-दिल कहने की रात आई
दिल जो न कह सका
नग़मा सा कोई जाग उठा बदन में
झनकार की सी थर-थारी है तन में
झनकार की सी थर-थारी है तन में
हो प्यार की इन्ही धड़कती
धड़कती फिज़ाओं में
रहने की रात आई
दिल जो न कह सका
वही राज़-ए-दिल कहने की रात आई
अब तक दबी थी एक मौज-ए-अरमान
लब तक जो आई बनगयी है तूफ़ान
लब तक जो आई बनगयी है तूफ़ान
हो बात प्यार की बहकती
बहकती निगाहों से
कहने की रात आई
दिल जो न कह सका
वही राज़-ए-दिल कहने की रात आई
गुज़रे ना ये शब् खोल दूँ ये जुल्फें
तुमको छुपालूं मूँद के ये पलकें
तुमको छुपालूं मूँद के ये पलकें
हो बेकरार सी लरजती
लरजती सी छाओं में
रहने की रात आई
दिल जो न कह सका
वही राज़-ए-दिल कहने की रात आई

Phenomenal achievements in such a short life! Thank you Mahjabeen!

An oldie but a goldie…मानी

Sesha Reddigari

a heart-rending beautiful nazm by Gulzar
more delicate than a gossamer
softer than a butterfly’s wing
a dew drop on a bright morning –

that will quake every sentient heart…

چوک سے چل کر منڈی سے بازار سے ہو کر
لال گلی سے گزری ہے کاغذ کی کشتی
بارش کی لاوارس پانی پر بیٹھی بیچاری کشتی
شہر کی آوارہ گلیوں میں سہمی سہمی پوچھ رہی ہے
ہر کشتی کا ساحل ہوتا ہے تو
میرا بھی کیا ساحل ہوگا؟

اک معصوم سے بچے نے
بمعنی کو معنی دے کر
ردی کی کاغذ پر کیسا ظلم کیا ہے

i love to read this nazm aloud to myself all the time. never fails to bring tears to my eyes every time feeling sorry for the kashti.
and behind these lines, i think gulzar is questioning the creator in a very subtle way…
हम सब को ऐसे भटका रहे हो इस ज़िंदगी की गलियों में, आखिर क्यों? ये तमाशा क्या है?
it kind of takes me to one of ghalib’s famous ghazals –
बाज़ीचा-ए-अतफ़ाल है दुनिया मेरे आगे
होता है शब-ओ-रोज़ तमाशा मिरे आगे.

here is an mp3 of the nazm…i really hope i am not violating any copyright laws…

(धन्यवाद और प्रणाम, गुलज़ारजी !)

Reflections on a nazm by Gulzar

Photo Sesha Reddigari.

I just re-read this poem by Gulzar…
मैं जितनी भी ज़बाने बोल सकता हूँ

Perhaps you have read it too…
In my opinion, it may be one of the subtlest expressions of the human condition in general. By ‘expression’, I mean the outpouring of one’s helplessness in the face of life’s meanness and cruelty.

I think the most poignant line of the poem is this:
“पढ़ा लिखा अगर होता ख़ुदा अपना”
This one line, I believe, single-handedly captures all the anguish felt by all humanity in all time!
I don’t think the specific language used to express that anguish really matters! Language is after all a medium, and the medium doesn’t matter to the Divine or the Brahman!
है ना?
Perhaps this is what Gulzar laments about in the poem and captures in the title –
मैं जितनी भी ज़बाने बोल सकता हूँ
It shouldn’t matter which one the 6000+ languages in the known world one uses, the message remains the same!
“Help! ”
Come to think of it, it shouldn’t matter which one of the billions of worlds in the universe the call is coming from either…

However, the real question is “is there someone listening in the first place!”
Being literate or otherwise is a secondary issue. If He is not listening, then, what’s the point!
Perhaps He is really “निर्गुण” (nirgun)! Perhaps deaf!

I am tempted to post the entire poem here in hindi or urdu for your benefit, but due to the likely copyright restrictions, I will only post a humble translation as I understood the nazm!

However many tongues I may speak
All have been tried…
He understands none,
Neither a nod nor an acknowledging grunt !
Perhaps he thinks

Only angels should read it to him,
Sometimes I write some sher by ‘Ghalib’ on the Moon
Either He washes it off or takes a nibble and [spits] it out
If only He were literate…
We could at least correspond even
if we cannot converse!”

If you want to read the original, here is a link:

TTYL!